'An Earnest African', Colonel Frederick Lugard, 1895 (c)

Chromolithograph after Sir Leslie Matthew Ward ('Spy') (1851-1922), printed by Vincent Brooks Day and Son and published by 'Vanity Fair', 19 December 1895.

Caricature of Colonel Frederick John Dealtry Lugard (1858-1945) in quasi-military khaki dress, holding a spear.

A soldier, explorer and administrator, Lugard helped establish British rule in Africa during the 1890s and 1900s. On behalf of the British East Africa and Royal Niger Companies, he led armed columns on treaty-making explorations that opened up areas for trade. Primarily aimed at countering German and French influence, these led to the annexation of what is now Uganda and the creation of the unified Nigeria colony. In 1914, Lugard became Nigeria's first Governor-General, having earlier also helped raise the West African Frontier Force.