Type 38 Arisaka 6.5 mm rifle, 1930 (c)

This bolt-action rifle was adopted by the Japanese in 1905 and remained in service until 1945. It had an effective range of around 400 to 500 yards (360 to 450 metres), but its relatively small calibre bullet lacked power. In 1939 the Japanese started production of the Type 99 Arisaka, which fired a more powerful 7.7 mm cartridge. This gradually replaced the Type 38 but many soldiers were still using the latter during World War Two (1939-1945).